Context

Cutting

Description

Pic

Cat

East

North

Max Width

Max Length

Depth/Height

Layer

Overlies/Seals

Overlain/Sealed by

Cuts

Cut by

Abuts/Contiguous

Associated with

Hand FS

Typed FS

Any FS

PDF URL

Hand drawi

Ink drawing

F08601

AXIX

Front wall of rampart, thought at first to have slipped downslope. In use during phase 3, but seems to incorporate much of the original stone from the burnt rampart, and its basal courses may belong to that phase 2 work. See F08637

PDF

2.5

8.5

35 cms N-S

100 cms E-W and out of cutting

6 cms (one course)

F08606

F08602, F08603

F08605

http://www.

http://www

F08602

AXIX

Topsoil and turf

PDF

Whole cutting

F08601, F08603, F08604, F08605, F08606

http://www.

http://www

F08603

AXIX

Mass of medium small burnt rubble on north slope of rampart: a matrix of very burnt dark and dusty soil. This was a near-horizontal platform in centre of cutting. This was resting on top of F08603, and thus should be equated with F08618, back wall, period 3

PDF

300 cms from crest of rampart N

300 cms E-W within cutting

F086601, F08626

F08602, F08633

F08604

http://www.

http://www

F08604

AXIX

Area of unburnt rubble, medium sized, at the top of the rampart. This is a compact material which seems to be part of the rampart, presumably unburnt because part of the rebuilding in period 3

PDF

0.5

4.5

180 cms N-S

100 cms and out of cutting

F08610

F08603

F08633

http://www.

http://www

F08605

AXIX

Line of large burnt slabs, looking like wall. This proved to be the extension of F08601, bulging northwards

PDF

1.5

8.5

40 cms N-S

200 cms E-W and out of cutting

5 cms

F08637

F08603

F08601

http://www.

http://www

F08606

AXIX

Mass of large slabs north of rampart wall F08601, lower down the slope. These slabs are horizontal, and could well be a third phase addition to the earlier rampart. They lack a front wall, and this presumably in now represented by the collapsed masonry in the ditch, F08613. A single flat slab at F08730 may be a surviving wall stone, jammed into the pre-existing rubble layer F08661. This is therefore period 3a or 3b.

PDF

1.5

8.5

100 cms N-S

Full 3m width of cutting

F08666

?F08601, ?F08605 have slipped

http://www.

http://www

F08607

AXIX

Layer of dry loose chipples, dark brown soil, and small and medium sized rock chips, at southern end of cutting. This looks modern, and is probably the result of quarry traffic through the cut hollow in the rampart at this end of the cutting. In general it is the same material as F08608

PDF

300 cms NW-SE

300 cms SW-NE

10 cms

F08609, F08611

F08602

F08619, F08608

http://www.

http://www

F08608

AXIX

Area of compact rounded medium rubble, with dark brown sticky soil matrix; includes a number of pink stones, very worn. The wear on this tightly packed rubble may be modern, as the stones are directly overlain by turf and by a path

PDF

2.5

100 cms E-W

100 cms N-S

F08611

ident with F08607

http://www.

http://www

F08609

AXIX

Line of large slabs at rear of rampart. This line is below the main mass of rampart rubble (F08604/F08610). It aligns with the apparently modern cut through the rampart, and may represent a built edge to this, utilising pre-existing IA slabs

PDF

0.5

300 cms

7 cms

F08607, F08610

F08619 ?

http://www.

http://www

F08610

AXIX

Mass of large rubble, including many flat slabs, at rear of rampart, almost certainly the upcast from the modern quarry

PDF

1.6

1.4

300 cms N-S

200 cms E-W

F08604

F08607

modern quarry

http://www.

http://www

F08611

AXIX

Layer of medium sized stones at the south end of the cutting

PDF

1.5

100 cms E-W

100 cms N-S

4 cms

F08608, F08607

F08614

http://www.

http://www

F08612

AXIX

Layer of chipple wash downslope from the rampart tumble F08606. This upper fill could be quite modern, but it contained no finds to indicate date

PDF

1.1

2m N-S and out of cutting

Whole cutting E-W

F08606, F08613

F08602 topsoil

http://www.

http://www

F08613

AXIX

Large and medium sized tumbled stones at northern end of cutting, collapsing from front of rampart into ditch: probably derived from 8606e datet

PDF

1.1

Full width of cutting

Whole cutting E-W

F08615, F08617

F08612, F08616

F08606

http://www.

http://www

F08614

AXIX

Layer of large horizontal to medium slabs at southern end of the cutting, probably as a lower part of F08611. The stones are flat, with some wear. The seem to be sitting on top of a former quarry pit, one side of which is F08624

PDF

0.5

150 cms N-S

Whole cutting E-W

F086007, F08608

F08611

http://www.

http://www

F08615

AXIX

Large to medium stoney clay matrix in front of wall F08601, on berm F08620, running across full width of cutting. This may be the same as F08613, and could be the core of a period 3 rebuilding quarry

PDF

Full width of cutting

F08664

F08613, F08606

http://www.

http://www

F08616

AXIX

Layer of small stone chips within fill of ditch F08617

PDF

2.5

1.1

150 cms E-W and out of cutting

200 cms and out of cutting

20 cms

F08613

F08612

http://www.

http://www

F08617

AXIX

Mass of medium sized fairly rounded rubble in ditch, with a yellow ochre clay matrix. This seems to be associated with the major rampart collapse (F08613)

PDF

1.1

Full cutting and out of cutting

F08650

F08613

F08613, F08616, F08672

http://www.

http://www

F08618

AXIX

Line of large flat slabs at the rear of the rampart, exposed after part removal of F08610. It includes a few small burnt stones derived from the earlier rampart core (F08631). This was the rear rampart wall of the final period. F08619 seems to be the upper rubble fallen down in front of the wall. The modern quarrying has damaged the wall at its eastern end, and 8609 (modern intrusion) has removed some of its top. in cent

PDF

0.6

3.4

25 cms N-S

200 cms E-W

40 cms - 3 courses plus rubble foundation

F08610, F08603 ,? F08619

F08633

http://www.

http://www

F08619

AXIX

Very large collapsed slabs to the immediate south of F08618, with a medium brown chipply soil as matrix. Some pitching southwards. This is not modern, even though damaged by the quarry intrusion, and seems to be a structural addition to the first rampart rear wall, an upper component of F08623

PDF

0.5

2.6

2m N-S

2m and out of cutting

F08627, F08623

F08610, F08607, F08602

F08609 ?

F08618, F08609, F08607

http://www.

http://www

F08620

AXIX

Flat gently sloping ledge of natural rock as berm in front of wall F08601/F08605

PDF

1.5

1-2m N-S

3M and out of cutting

F08615

http://www.

http://www

F08621

AXIX

Semi circular hollow in bedrock bottom of ditch, filled with primary silt (this is F08650)

PDF

0.5

1.1

100 cms N-S

100 cms and out of cutting

15 cms

F08650

http://www.

http://www

F08622

AXIX

Rampart: general number

PDF

1.5

750 cms N-S

E-W out of cutting

F08652, F08651

F08602

F08603

http://www.

http://www

F08623

AXIX

Layer of very large slabs with light brown chipply soil in the gaps. A tumble tipping southwards down bedrock slope F08624 and equated with F08619

PDF

1.5

2.3

60-100 cms N-S

2m and out of cutting

F08625

F08619

F08618

http://www.

http://www

F08624

AXIX

Bedrock shelf and slope at southern end of cutting: the northern lip of an IA quarry

PDF

2.5

Full width of cutting and out of it

F08625

http://www.

http://www

F08625

AXIX

A flat laid surface immediately south of wall F08618, and at a slightly lower level than the wall. It is earlier than the large tumble 8623. Perhaps construction debris from the period 3 rebuild, as in cutting AXIII

PDF

0.9

2.8

75 cms N-S

180 cms and out of cutting

3 cms

F08624

F08623, F08607

http://www.

http://www

F08626

AXIX

Very large pitched and burnt slabs in association with void. Presumed part of period 2 rampart

PDF

2.7

4.3

50 cms N-S

40 cms E-W

F08603

F08628, F08629

http://www.

http://www

F08627

AXIX

Layer of medium fairly angular stones in light brown soil at rear of rampart in quarry hole. Some occasional small burnt stones. This is the backfill of the IA quarry. This material differs little from the overlying F08614, but it turned purple in colour on exposure, chiefly on the eastern side of the cutting

PDF

Whole width of cutting E-W

2m N-S and out of cutting

F08632

F08614, F08611

http://www.

http://www

F08628

AXIX

Void surrounded by very large stones, shown in plan 2

PDF

2.8

5.2

F08603

F08626, F08629

http://www.

http://www

F08629

AXIX

Large void between very large blocks and slabs of limestone

PDF

2.7

6.1

F08603

http://www.

http://www

F08630

AXIX

Void with large stones surrounding, ie associated with F08629, F08628, F08626, F08603 and with the gang break features F08668 and F08673

PDF

1.8

70 cms E-W

40 cms N-S

F08638

F08603

F08668, F08673

http://www.

http://www

F08631

AXIX

Mass of large rubble within rampart, entirely burnt, with many voids and a burnt, dusty soil. The core of the period 2 ramparts.

PDF

2.2

5.6

250 cms N-S

Full width of cutting and out of it E-W

100 cms

F08645

F08603, F08633

F08635

http://www.

http://www

F08632

AXIX

Quarry fill of large upright slabs in yellow limestone soil on edge of bedrock shelf F08624

PDF

1.5

1m N-S and out of cutting

F08627

http://www.

http://www

F08633

AXIX

Uppermost layers of laid slabs on rampart immediately to the north of F08618. Consists of medium stones, much broken by surface walking. These layers do not form a structured wall, but have been placed at the rear of period 3 wall F08618, and revet the F08603 upper burnt stone rubble mass.

PDF

50 cms N-S

3m E-W and out of cutting

15 cms

F08635, F08631

F08603

F08618, F08604

http://www.

http://www

F08634

AXIX

Quarry hollow in the bedrock, dug to obtain stone for the rampart, almost certainly for the final works, though this cannot be shown since the only sealing is late

PDF

2m N-S and out of cutting

3m E-W and out of cutting

50 cms

fills= F08607, F08608, F08611, F08627

Bedrock

http://www.

http://www

F08635

AXIX

Mass of unburnt rubble on SW side of the rampart core. This rubble is the same period 2 dump as F08631, but has not been burnt: some half burnt stones show that the two rubbles were of the same date, and that this unburnt material had been superseded by the overlying unburnt slabs of F08633 (period 3). The area occupied by F08635 coincides almost exactly with that of F08533, but the two rubbles belong to different phases.

PDF

0.5

100 cms N-S

150 cms E-W

F08633

F08631

http://www.

http://www

F08636

AXIX

Burnt red soil and mixed small burnt rubble part way down the rampart front slope. This may derive from F08631 above it.

PDF

3m E-W and out of cutting

F08637

F08631

F08631 ?

http://www.

http://www

F08637

AXIX

Large unburnt stones just behind wall F08605, with brown dusty soil: this layer peters out before the E section of AXIX, and seems to be a raft on top of which a further raft of timbers was laid, for the period 2 rampart. The wall F08601, which was probably a rebuilding in period 3a, was built against the rubble, which seems to be integral with the lower courses of F08601/F08605.

PDF

F08647

F08636

F08601, F08605

http://www.

http://www

F08638

AXIX

Layer of white crumbled limestone - almost meringue - on northern side of the rampart core

PDF

1.5

6.5

3m E-W and out of cutting

F08640 burnt timbers 8649

F08630

http://www.

http://www

F08639

AXIX

Distinct group of heavily burned stones immediately behind wall F08618. A lower component of 8631, part of the period 2 core

PDF

2.1

3.4

45 cms N-S

50 cms E-W

F08641

brown soil behind wall 86

F08618

http://www.

http://www

F08640

AXIX

Layer of charcoal beneath core of rampart, phase 2

PDF

1.5

6.4

100 cms E-W

F08637

F08638

F08649

F08638 , =F08646

http://www.

http://www

F08641

AXIX

Layer of small to medium unburnt rubble below wall F08618. This rubble cannot be satisfactorily distinguished from F08639

PDF

3.3

200 cms and out of cutting

? = F08635

http://www.

http://www

F08642

AXIX

Concentration of charcoal which coincides with three very large slabs in F08631, immediately above it: probable gang-break. The charcoal proved to be a multisided posthole (? penta- hexagonal) integral with the period 2 rampart core

PDF

3.5

65 cms E-W

76 cms N-S

70 cms below G.L.

burnt rubble

F08631

http://www.

http://www

F08643

AXIX

Charcoal concentrations below the rampart core, shown on 3, overlay 1

PDF

1.1

4.4

75 cms E-W

80 cms N-S

F08646

http://www.

http://www

F08644

AXIX

Thought at first to be a posthole (F08629) during excavation of F08631, and then considered a rodent burrow, this void proved to be the void for a post cut into the bedrock; it may (with F08656) be one of the front posts for the rampart timber framing

PDF

2.7

6.2

16 cms E-W

24 cms N-S

90 cms below G.L.

F08631, F08629

meringue F08638

F08651, F08656

http://www.

http://www

F08645

AXIX

Large heavily burnt rubble low down in the core of the rampart

PDF

200 cms N-S

3m E-W and out of cutting

18 cms

F08638

F08631

http://www.

http://www

F08646

AXIX

Layer of charcoal towards bottom of the rampart core; much seemed to be dark stained soil rather than pure carbon.

PDF

1.5

4.6

100 cms N-S

3m E-W and out of cutting

123cms below G.L.

Bedrock, F08647, F08651

F08645, F08638

= F08640

http://www.

http://www

F08647

AXIX

Small stones in brown soil in corner of cut into bedrock below the period 2 wall of rampart. Some of these are burnt: it shows best in the west facing section on the east side of the cutting

PDF

0.0

4.2

30 cms N-S

3m E-W and out of cutting

130 cms below G.L.

Bedrock, F08663

F08646, F08637

F08648

http://www.

http://www

F08648

AXIX

Layer of brown soil with small stones and grey leaching: no charcoal, unlike F08646

PDF

Bedrock

F08646

F08647

http://www.

http://www

F08649

AXIX

A charcoal concentration 12 cms across between large flat stones with dark brown soil: possibly a post in situ burnt

PDF

1.4

6.1

60 cms E-W

70 cms N-S

F08638, F08645

?F08640

http://www.

http://www

F08650

AXIX

Pale brown silt with small stones on the eastern side of the ditch. The basal layer, or last primary silt before final disuse

PDF

1.1

200 cms N-S

200 cms E-W

21 cms

Bedrock

F08617

http://www.

http://www

F08651

AXIX

Vertical bedrock edge at northern end of sub-rampart shelf F08652. This is the cut edge of posthole F08644, and also of the trough in which F08644 is dug

PDF

100 cms NE-SW

F08646, F08626

F08644

http://www.

http://www

F08652

AXIX

Bedrock shelf below the rampart, cut in period 2

PDF

200 cms N-S

3m E-W and out of cutting

100-106 cms below G.L.

F08648, F08656

F08655, F08656

http://www.

http://www

F08653

AXIX

Mass of medium to small rubble below wall F08601/F08637, and extending to the rear of F08601. This was one of the F08661, F08662 group of stone layers at the front of the rampart. It looked as though it had been cut by the posthole F08644, but it could well have been piled up against it

PDF

2.6

6.7

150 cms E-W

N from 6.4N under wall F08601

foundation of wall 8601

F08637, F08601

? F08644

http://www.

http://www

F08654

AXIX

Layer of large to medium stones in trough behind front wall of rampart, set in a reddish soil. These did not include burnt stones, but had been stained black in places by the overlying F08646

PDF

6.3

100 cms N-S

150 cms E-W

F08651

F08637, F08646, F08653

http://www.

http://www

F08655

AXIX

Nearly circular posthole below rampart, filled with small stones and brown soil. This was shallow, and did not correspond with any higher features in the core. It is possible that this is a pre rampart posthole

PDF

0.8

5.2

30 cms N-S

30 cms E-W

18 cms

F08646

Bedrock shelf F08652

no matching ph

http://www.

http://www

F08656

AXIX

Post hole immediately to the south of F08605, filled with brown soil with a heavy admixture of charoal and medium stones, and a light brown soil. This matches F08656: these being the first two matching postholes of the narrower rampart. Although now overlain by 8646 at its edges, this is due to the collapse of the layer into the void

PDF

0.7

5.8

30 cms E-W

38 cms N-S

rubble of F08646

Bedrock

F08642

http://www.

http://www

F08657

AXIX

Hollows and voids in rubble layer F08658, at the western end of bedrock shelf F08624: probable posthole, though it makes little sense as a feature of the rampart, and may be a pre rampart hole, compare F08655

PDF

0.2

4.3

20 cms N-S

20 cms E-W

F08658

http://www.

http://www

F08658

AXIX

Rubble layer at the western end of bedrock platform F08624, containing two small burnt stones. This rubble seems to be the bottom of F08641

PDF

0.5

100 cms N-S

100 cms E-W

F08624

F08625

? F08641 ? OGS

http://www.

http://www

F08659

AXIX

Layer of dark chipply soil to the north of the rampart

PDF

8.5

210 cms N-S

3m E-W and out of cutting

10-15 cms

F08613, F08606, F08603

F08602

F08613

http://www.

http://www

F08660

AXIX

Mass of brown soil with small burnt stones in front of the period 2 rampart front wall in a linear strip

PDF

2.1

7.7

30 cms N-S

150 cms E-W

8 cms

F08606

F08601

http://www.

http://www

F08661

AXIX

Rubble spread immediately to the north of wall F08601, and running under it. Composed of a medium sized rubble with brown khaki-coloured soil. This is a foundation for the period 2 wall F08601, but the wear passes into what became the core of the rampart. It may be that F08660 was in part used as a walking surface during the construction of the rampart

PDF

2.5

7.8

140 cms N-S

150 cms E-W and out of cutting

F08606, F08660

F08601, F08662

http://www.

http://www

F08662

AXIX

Foundation layer below wall F08601, consisting of medium-sized slabs, fairly angular, laid flat with some khaki soil and some tiny burnt stones and flecks. It is unworn in the area below the eastern stretch of wall F08601. It is possible that the adjacent rubble F08661 was a walking surface around the wall foundation F08662, then under construction

PDF

2.7

7.2

80 cms N-S

160 cms E-W and out of cutting

F08601

http://www.

http://www

F08663

AXIX

Course of large slabs below F08605 and F08637, walls. Below these a second layer of smaller slabs looking like a lower course, matrix of orange soil characteristic of the area to the west of F08662

PDF

0.7

50 cms N-S

110 cms E-W

F08605, F08637, F08647

http://www.

http://www

F08664

AXIX

Layer of small and medium stones in light brown soil on berm F08620

PDF

0.5

120 cms N-S

150 cms E-W

F08615

http://www.

http://www

F08665

AXIX

Group of small burnt stones close to a curving cut edge. This is perhaps a posthole, though unconvincing as part of the rampart sequence, and may be another pre-rampart feature

PDF

0.2

7.7

35 cms N-S

39 cms E-W

58 cms below G.L.

F08605

http://www.

http://www

F08666

AXIX

General number for the ditch

PDF

1.5

1.1

250 cms N-S and out of cutting

3m E-W and out of cutting

146 cms below G.L.

Bedrock

all ditch infills

Bedrock

berm F08620

http://www.

http://www

F08667

AXIX

Line of large slabs, partly burnt, at rear of rampart

PDF

40 cms N-S

150 cms E-W

40 cms below G.L.

F08643

F08631

http://www.

http://www

F08668

AXIX

North-south line of burnt stones with F08631, coinciding with a noticeable sag in the rubble of F08631: probably a gang break

PDF

1.7

5.5

20 cms E-W

80 cms N-S

76 cms below G.L.

F08646, F08640

F08631

F08673, F08630

http://www.

http://www

F08669

AXIX

Sloping bedrock surface in western extension; perhaps the continuation of the ditch coinciding with a lower stretch of rampart wall

PDF

1.1

100 cms N-S

80 cms E-W

Bedrock

F08602, F08671, F08674

F08674 = filling

http://www.

http://www

F08670

AXIX

Flat bedrock shelf, perhaps a causeway between ditch F08666 and ?ditch F08669

PDF

1.1

60 cms E-W

90 cms N-S

F08602

http://www.

http://www

F08671

AXIX

Group of large stones pitching NW into hollow F08669, which may be a continuation of the ditch.

PDF

40 cms

F08669

F08602

http://www.

http://www

F08672

AXIX

Northern lip of ditch F08666

PDF

1.5

40 cms N-S

310 cms E-W

F08616, F08613, F08617, F08650

http://www.

http://www

F08673

AXIX

A gap between the rubble foundations F08663 and F08662. This gap is reflected in the change of walling from F08601 to F08605. It is also reflected in the structure of the rampart F08622, in that some of the burnt core slabs seemed to be grouped in a north-south line 8669, indicating a major change in the core, such as would be produced by a gang break

PDF

1.4

7.2

10 cms E-W

60 cms N-S

Bedrock

F08601, F08605

F08668, F08636

http://www.

http://www

F08674

AXIX

Large stones in dark soil in the western extension at the northern end of the cutting

PDF

100 cms N-S and o

80 cms E-W and out of cutting

F08669

F08602

http://www.

http://www